Hypertension

Hypertension is blood pressure that is persistently above normal, usually above 140/90 millimeters of mercury.

Arterial essential hypertension is another name for it. It accounts for more than 90% of cases of arterial hypertension. In the remaining cases, secondary arterial hypertension was diagnosed. These include renal up to 4%, endocrine up to 0. 4%, hemodynamic and neurological, stress from ingestion of substances of iron nature. There is also hypertension in pregnant women, where elevated blood pressure is one of the symptoms of an underlying medical condition.

Among the different types of iron-induced hypertension, the methods of dietary supplementation and contraception differ. Collectively, the occurrence of hypertension contributes to more than 25 combinations in the genetic code of the human body.

Causes of high blood pressure

When doctors talk about the causes of hypertension, they admit that the cause of its occurrence is still unclear. Therefore, this disease is also known as spermatic or, disease of unknown etiology.

Theories that exist in our day and attempt to explain the occurrence of hypertension are in themselves inexplicable and can push a person into a hopeless situation (when all means are available). method was tried), without explaining anything concrete or scientific. Patients, to put it mildly, are brought into treatment for therapeutic purposes. A person is almost forced to resort to the help of drugs to reduce hypertension.

In the human body, there is a so-called blood pressure regulation system. It can also increase for a variety of reasons. In cases of elevated blood pressure, vessel walls such as the aortic arch or carotid artery become very stretched. Therefore, the receptors located in it are stimulated. As a result, the stimulation travels through the nerves, to the spinal cord region. There is a vasomotor center. The activity of the depressed neurons, as opposed to the compressive neurons, is increased, which in turn causes the blood vessels to dilate and causes blood pressure to drop. In the case of a decrease in blood pressure, these processes occur completely opposite. This explains the normal rise and fall of blood pressure in the human body. If there is no reason, the pressure will not increase. Everything in the body is interconnected.

Causes of high blood pressure include:

1. Obesity and overweight. People with this problem very often have high blood pressure and, as a result, hypertension. As a rule, people with such disorders in the body's metabolism should control it.
2. In five percent of patients, the cause of the hypertension may be a kidney or thyroid disorder.
3. If a person is not overweight and has a slim body. He doesn't have kidney and thyroid problems, the cause of high blood pressure may be magnesium deficiency
4. Hypertension caused in five percent of patients: a tumor of the adrenal gland, a tumor of the pituitary gland, toxicity of mercury, lead, etc. v.

In more detail, the main cause of hypertension in most patients is metabolic syndrome. As a rule, in such patients, the content of cholesterol in the blood is disturbed. Metabolic syndrome is defined by several reasons: increased waist circumference (more than 80 cm in women, more than 94 cm in men); an increase in triglycerides (so-called fats) in the blood that exceeds 1. 75 mmol per liter, or the patient has already received medication to correct the disease; high-density lipoprotein in women should be less than 1. 3 mmol per liter, in men less than 1. 0 mmol per liter; systolic blood pressure exceeds 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure exceeds 85 mm Hg; fasting oral blood glucose level is more than 5. 5 mmol per liter. In general, if hypertension is associated with being overweight, then you should be checked for the presence of metabolic syndrome.

In addition, the causes of high blood pressure are: psychological stress, diabetes, kidney and thyroid disease, genetics also play a certain role.

Symptoms of high blood pressure

Clinical manifestations of hypertension are no specific symptoms. Patients for many years may not even be able to guess what disease they have. They will feel a high vitality. Although they can sometimes be overcome by bouts of dizziness, weakness, sometimes accompanied by dizziness. However, as a rule, these people believe it is due to overwork. Claims arise, as they are called, of affected target organs. These are the organs that are most sensitive to changes in blood pressure.

The appearance of headaches and dizziness in a person, noise in the head, a decrease in working capacity and memory indicate initial changes in the cerebral blood supply. Then, double vision, flies in front of the eyes, weakness, difficulty speaking, numbness of the hands and feet are involved, but at the initial level, these changes in the blood supply are of an impending nature.

If the hypertensive stage has gone away, it can bring on complications in the form of a heart attack or stroke. The earliest and most frequent sign of high blood pressure is an enlargement (hypertrophy) of the left ventricle of the heart muscle. In this regard, an increase in its volume is accompanied by the fact that the vessel wall thickens. First, the thickness of the wall of the left ventricle thickens, then dilation of the cardiac chambers of this ventricle occurs. The same is true for hypertension. In other words, this condition can be called cardiac hypertension or hypertensive heart disease. With this form of hypertension, overall morphological changes in the aorta (atherosclerosis) may be involved, it may widen, so it may rupture or dissect. Hypertension of the heart in this regard is very taboo.

Of course, a common sign or symptom of high blood pressure is a headache. And is the most characteristic sign of this disease, with more advanced severity, it can appear at different times of the day (patients often complain about night time and time after sleeping). wake up). The nature of the headache may flare up or be more severe in the occipital region, and may also cover other areas of the head. When you have high blood pressure, your legs can swell, which is also a sign of heart failure. In addition, they can be a sign of declining kidney function.

arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension is the most common disease of the entire cardiovascular system. The word "arterial hypertension" refers to blood pressure that remains steadily rising. Hypertension occurs when the arteries and arterioles narrow.

Arteries are the main transport route through which blood is carried to all tissues of the body. In many people, the arterioles are very often constricted. Initially due to spasm, and then, their lumen is almost continuously narrowed due to thickening of the wall. And then, in order for the blood flow to overcome the constriction, more effort is required, as a result of which the work of the heart muscle increases and a large amount of blood flows into the vessel lumen. Such people most often have high blood pressure.

This condition is chronic. In about 1 in 10 people with high blood pressure, high blood pressure is caused by damage to a specific organ.

In these cases, we are talking about symptomatic arterial hypertension, also known as secondary. About 90% of patients have an underlying form of hypertension, also known as primary. Patients with arterial hypertension often have headaches.

With arterial hypertension, hypertensive crisis is a frequent occurrence. There are two types of hypertensive crisis:

• The initial critical phase (when immediate blood pressure reduction is required) is classified as: hypertrophic encephalopathy, acute left ventricular failure, acute aortic dissection, eclampsia, posterior arterial bypass. In some cases, an increase in blood pressure is observed, combined with an increase in the level of circulating catecholamines in the blood.
• In the second phase of the crisis (when hypotension is met within 12-24 hours): malignant arterial hypertension without special complications, high blood pressure, characterized byan increase in diastolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg.

Emergency treatment for a hypertensive crisis is performed under the conditions when it occurs: convulsive form (hypertensive encephalopathy), crisis in the presence of pheochromocytoma, crisis of myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary edema, aortic aneurysm.

Physician-recommended studies for arterial hypertension should include: baseline examination, renal function study, cardiac study. He can also prescribe antihypertensive therapy to the patient, which will help identify possible complications during hypertension (hypertension).

Degree of high blood pressure

To make an accurate diagnosis of hypertension, doctors first need to determine the degree or stage of hypertension in a patient and, so to speak, an appropriate entry in their medical record. If the diagnosis of hypertension occurs at a later, second or third stage, the consequences for the body can be more severe than in the early stages of the disease. However, very few patients go to the doctor in the early or early stages of the disease. And in general, few people measure their own blood pressure at home.

Define: normal blood pressure, where the systolic blood pressure, where the reading is less than 130 mm Hg, and the diastolic blood pressure, where the value is less than 85 mm Hg. Normal is high, where the systolic blood pressure, where the readings are 130-140 mm Hg, and the diastolic pressure, where the readings are 85-90 mm Hg.

• Hypertension 1 degree (mild), in which the systolic blood pressure is 140-160 mmHg, and the diastolic blood pressure, where the readings are 90-100 mmHg;
• Hypertension grade 2 (moderate), in which the systolic blood pressure is 160-180 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure, in which the readings are from 100-110 mmHg;
• Grade 3 (severe) hypertension, where the systolic blood pressure is greater than 180 mm Hg, and the diastolic blood pressure, where the values are greater than 110 mm Hg.

Stages of hypertension

Early stage hypertension - characterized by an increase in blood pressure up to 160/100 mm, which can last for days or weeks. But under favorable conditions, it usually drops to normal levels.

At this stage, there are usually no symptoms of the disease. Sometimes there may be complaints of recurrent headache, trouble sleeping, mild heart attack.

In the second stage of hypertension, the pressure rises to 180/100 mm. Even when the patient is at rest, it does not fall back to normal. In addition to an increase in blood pressure, there may be retinal artery stenosis, left ventricular hypertrophy of the heart, protein in the urine on analysis and a slight increase in plasma creatine. Possible headache, dizziness, sleep disturbance, angina, shortness of breath. With this stage, bad luck such as heart attack, stroke can come. At this stage, the use of antihypertensive drugs is necessary.

In the third stage of hypertension, there is an increase in blood pressure to 180/110 mm and higher. Almost all patients experience (severe) changes in internal organs. Frequent episodes of shortness of breath, angina, arrhythmia, headache, dizziness, sleep and hearing disturbances, impaired vision and memory. Development of kidney and heart failure. Strokes and heart attacks are guaranteed. Urgent treatment is required.

Treatment of high blood pressure

There are two methods of treating high blood pressure, pharmacological and non-pharmacological.

There are a variety of treatments for hypertension, but treatment should begin with treating the symptomatic disease secondary to hypertension, as well as the symptomatic component of hypertension. Non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension includes adopting a salt-restricted diet, a regimen of rest and work, coping with stressful situations, limiting alcohol intake, and quitting smoking. normalize body weight. Only with the low effectiveness of this method should drug therapy be connected.

The goal of drug treatment is to lower blood pressure, specifically to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. When initiating treatment, monotherapy and combination therapy are appropriate. When that doesn't work, I use low doses of a combination of antihypertensive drugs. The first line of treatment is to prescribe drugs that improve prognosis.

• Beta blockers. This is an outdated class of drugs that work to lower blood pressure by reducing heart rate and blood volume per minute. They improved the heart's performance in his ischemic disease. But a side effect of those drugs is bronchospasm, so in our day most doctors are moving away from this treatment as monotherapy. And also with long-term use, they contribute to the development of diabetes and erectile dysfunction.
• Diuretic. To treat high blood pressure, diuretics are also used, which remove sodium and chlorine ions from the body. But most diuretics stimulate the excretion of potassium from the body. It is best to combine them.
• Potassium antagonists. Used to prevent brain damage. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate in case of hypertension.

Only a doctor can prescribe the correct hypertension treatments after a proper examination.

In general, although hypertension cannot be completely cured, it can be believed that good results in treatment can be achieved through the work of the patient and the treating physician. It is possible to achieve a steady improvement in the condition of the vascular system and the functioning of the heart, as well as to improve the level of cholesterol in the blood, which will also contribute to a good reduction in the patient's condition. Strictly following the instructions and recommendations of the doctor will help the patient get rid of many of the symptoms that this terrible disease can cause.

Diet for high blood pressure

Proper nutrition is a diet aimed at maintaining health. It also fulfills all the needs of the human body for vitamins, nutrients and minerals, as well as for energy.

The work of the entire cardiac system is closely tied to the digestive process. With hypertension, the diet has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the patient. A large meal can overfill the stomach, and so it can shift the diaphragm, making it harder for the heart to work. Excess fluid also creates a large load. Well, if the diet contains too much sodium chloride, then water gets trapped in the body's tissues, and this increases blood pressure, which sometimes also leads to swelling of the extremities.

Dietary principles. nutrition: adherence to the diet is considered a prerequisite - regular meals at the same time, the best way is also to adhere to regular and small meals - three to five times a day, thisvery important for overweight; Dinner is recommended to be taken no later than two hours before bedtime - a rich meal before rest causes the accumulation of excess weight and obesity, and also contributes to restless sleep; foods while following the diet should be varied and include products of different (plant and animal) origin.

What to limit:

• Salt. Should be kept to a minimum and only lightly cooked foods should be added. In general, salt itself causes water retention in the body and contributes to the accumulation of excess body weight. When dieting, it is usually taken at 5 grams per day. For an increase in blood pressure, salt is recommended as a kind of "prevention", that is, with a reduced sodium content. It may also contain minerals necessary for health such as magnesium, iodine, and potassium ions. Low-sodium products were found to be plant-based: fish, cheese, meat. Processed foods like cheese or hot dogs contain surprising amounts of salt. It is ten times more than natural meat. If the food is salt-free or salt-free, its flavor can be improved by adding cranberries, citric acid, parsley, cinnamon, cilantro, or dill. Salt restriction is very important in the diet to treat hypertension.
• Liquid. Reduce beverage intake to one liter per day, including soft drinks, soups, milk and tea. The purpose of this restriction is to unload the work of the heart muscle and the work of the kidneys. You should also limit your intake of substances that stimulate the activity of the cardiovascular system. These include caffeine and other supplements. They can cause heart palpitations, high blood pressure, and insomnia. Also be careful with instant coffee as it contains more caffeine than regular coffee. Animal fat intake should be limited to 25 grams per day. Hypertension and atherosclerosis are closely related. High blood pressure contributes to the development of such a disease as atherosclerosis and can itself occur against its background. To combat this syndrome, you need to reduce your consumption of animal fats, which are rich in saturated fatty acids, and replace them with vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, cottonseed and the like). Patients should avoid eating foods containing cholesterol (kidneys, liver, fatty meat, egg yolks).
• Street. Limit sugar to 40 grams per day. Its excess is associated with the development of atherosclerosis.
• Bakery products. Patients with hypertension are often overweight. In this case, it is necessary to reduce the calorie content of food, so not only limit sugar consumption, but also limit the intake of jams, flour products, white bread, etc. . . In that case, such a very effective remedy as fasting days is most welcome. But again, only on the recommendation of a physician observing the patient. You can schedule a fasting day once a week. That is, absolutely do not eat anything, only drink water. This will greatly contribute to weight loss. You can also arrange small cheese days: 400 grams of cottage cheese for five doses, two glasses of kefir, two cups of unsweetened tea, and loose tea. And you can also arrange apple dates: two kilograms of apples for five doses.

You should increase your intake of the following:

• Kali. Products containing it are useful in the treatment of hypertension. And there should be more of these products. Potassium improves the functioning of the heart muscle and also helps to get rid of excess fluid. Potassium salts can be found in large quantities in vegetables, fruits, and berries, as well as in juices. They are also rich in cabbage, potatoes, pumpkin, apricots, prunes, raisins, dried apricots, persimmons.
• Magnesium. It is necessary to supply magnesium to the body. It, like potassium, is necessary in the treatment of hypertension. Magnesium salts have a vasodilator effect, which contributes to the prevention of vasospasm. This macronutrient is found in bran and rye bread, as well as oatmeal, wheat, millet, buckwheat, barley, beets, carrots, lettuce, and parsley. , black currants, walnuts and almonds.
• Iodine. Iodine also has a beneficial effect on metabolism and general metabolism in hypertension. Foods containing iodine: fish, seaweed, squid. Salt restriction, providing the body with an adequate amount of products containing magnesium and potassium salts, is one of the main features of nutrition in the treatment and prevention of arterial hypertension.

In general, the ratio of eating and treatment should be agreed with the physician observing the patient, because if any prescription is violated, there can be serious consequences for the body.

Folk remedies for high blood pressure

Treatment of hypertension by folk methods is very effective. Its effects will be more and more long-lasting and positive, but only if the patient leads a healthy lifestyle, as well as adheres to a strict diet.

How to correctly treat folk remedies?

The decoction, traditional medicine to treat high blood pressure are prepared according to the folk formula recommended by doctors for quite a long time. You can take five or ten days off every two to three months. The composition of this charge and decoction includes special plants for reducing blood pressure. They also have sedative, hypnotic, diuretic and antispasmodic effects. Such collections contain many certain compounds that have a beneficial effect on our body. These are called biologically active compounds. These include: macro and trace elements, vitamins, phytoncides, organic acids and others.

Examples of folk recipes used for hypertension:

1. Peeled onions - three kilograms, longan honey - half a kilo, vodka - half a liter, walnuts - about thirty pieces. The method of preparation consists in squeezing juice from onions, mixing with honey, adding partitions of nuts to this mixture. All this is poured with vodka and infused for about ten days. Then this infusion can be taken three times a day, one tbsp.
2. One lemon, two glasses of beetroot juice, one and a half glasses of cranberry juice, one glass of vodka, 250 grams of longan flower honey. All this mixture and drink one tablespoon on an empty stomach twice a day.
3. Take half a glass of honey and chopped beets. Mix everything and drink one tablespoon before meals three times a day for three months.

In addition, bee venom has good diuretic properties and prevents the constriction of blood vessels, widening them. This action leads to a drop in blood pressure. Therefore, it is also recommended to burn limbs with bees 2 times / week.

Traditional medicine gives recommendations on the use of royal jelly and propolis. They are powerful antioxidants, and at the same time reduce fatigue and help purify the body, increasing resistance to mental and physical stress.

In the treatment of hypertension, the fruit of the magnolia tree is also prescribed. They can be cooked in the form of jellies, mixes, fruit drinks, syrups and even jams. The juice from these fruits has an amazing healing effect, taken half an hour before meals three times a day.