The third population of the ball shows signs of hypertension. Pressure with hypertension causes narrowing and vascular damage, and sometimes heart attack. Therefore, even healthy people are extremely important to know what pressure is, what affects it, which indicators can be considered as standard, which number on the tonometer will act as a signal for the beginning of treatment.
The nature of the conceptBlood pressure is due to its power on the main and peripheral vessels. Pressure indicators depend directly on a number of factors:
Blood vessel elasticity;
heart contractions;
The blood mass is pumped with a heart for a certain period of time.
The value of blood pressure (blood pressure) is the practice to write in the form of a relationship in which:
The above digit, large systolic pressure (with the shrinking of the heart);
Lower digits, smaller diastolic pressure (between heart contractions).
Blood pressure may change - with changes in body position, in physical exercises, with excessive nerves, resting or after eating. If a person has no health problems, after a short time, the pressure is stable. With hypertension, its increase indicators are preserved for quite a long time. In hypertension, the sharp oscillation in blood pressure is observed. Normally after sleep, after eating it may increase, then decrease. Evening pressure indicators usually go beyond the morning, and at night they sometimes drop sharply.
Analysis of blood pressure indicators, many values are usually attached to the above numbers. It is an increase in the systolic pressure that the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients are over 50 years old. In most people, it increases for many years-in fact, the main arteries lose their elasticity and expose atherosclerotic plaques.
Standard and pathologyBlood pressure is a separate index, depending on age, surrounding conditions, pathology and even from this time of the day. But there are medium medical indicators. After detecting the patient's pressure, the doctor determines - Hypertension is or variant of the norm.
Blood pressure in patients over 18 years old
PressureThe indicators, mm Hg. Art.The indicators, mm Hg. Art.
Center
Mental
Optimal
Less than 120
Under 80
Normal
Up to 130
Up to 85
Normal high
Up to 140
Up to 90
1 degree of hypertension
Up to 160
Up to 100
2 levels of hypertension
Up to 180
Up to 110
3 levels of hypertension
More than 180
Over 110
O isolated with systolic hypertension
More than 180
Less than 110
Systematic pressure control will help avoid the serious consequences of hypertension, because the pathological changes in indicators will be visible promptly.
The reason is deviation from the normBlood pressure never changes without reason. Its fluctuations can be caused by cardiovascular diseases, digestive, genital system, brain injury. But it is not always caused by pathology. The development of blood pressure indicators usually occurs due to:
allergic reactions;
Stressful situation;
Hormonal failure;
smoke;
Alcohol abuse;
weather dependence;
Take some drugs;
overwork;
dehydration;
Eat fatty foods;
The amount of salt consumes too much;
Hypoglycemia or, vice versa, physical stress.
The reason for increased pressure may be changes related to age in the body and genetic tendencies.
Clinical manifestationsIncreased blood pressure is very noticeable. The visual symptoms of pathological changes are more likely to serve:
Acute headache (usually in temples and backs), often accompanied by vomiting reflexes;
Red skin (sometimes the circuits appear);
pronunciation of weaknesses, noise in the ears, flying in front of the eyes;
Red of eye protein (sometimes visual violations);
shortness of breath;
Pain behind the breastbone;
chills;
insomnia;
heart rate;
Increase sweat.
With the presence of such symptoms, consult a doctor. Early hypertension is no dangerous symptoms. A person sometimes doesn't even think about the fact that he can increase pressure.
With increased pressure in the diet, it is necessary to include products that can effectively break fat and prevent thrombosis.
Change diagnosisAfter 20 years, the pressure should be measured in exams. If it is higher than the standard, the doctor prescribes an additional test. An hour high indicators do not always indicate the presence of hypertension. The disease is diagnosed if the increased indicators are observed with some consecutive tests, as well as if they are preserved after three months in compliance with the doctor's instructions to adjust the lifestyle.
Self -diagnosis on the circuitWithout medical equipment, it is impossible to accurately identify pressure indicators, but the presence of negative changes can be assumed by the pulse. By applying fingers and index to the carbon artery, the number of heart bends for 30 seconds should be calculated and multiply the results with two numbers (the number of beats per minute). The pulse equal to 60-80 plays is considered normal. With increased pressure, pulse is felt without difficulty. If you have a heart rate screen, you can use it.
Use a tonymeterTo accurately measure blood pressure, different types of tons are used. The structures of the device are distinguished according to the action principle. Mercury toometer was replaced by pneumatic devices and then electronic devices. Later, it is easy to use anyone who doesn't even have health education. They are characterized by compactness, accuracy and easy to use.
Typically, such tonomet shows not only the systolic and diacolic pressure index, but also the pulse frequency. At the same time, previous measurements are remembered, according to which experts monitor the dynamics of changes in blood pressure indicators in each specific patient.
Arimission's rightsThe measurement of blood pressure must be accessed to maximum attention. This applies to both experts and patients themselves independent of pressure. There are certain rules:
One day before measuring, you need to give up tonic and smoking drinks;
On the day of measurement, you should not use eye drops and nose;
Measure pressure half an hour after eating;
Before applying tonometer cuff, patients should have a convenient location by placing a relaxing hand on a flat hard surface;
The cuff must be placed in the middle of the shoulder. From the bottom of its side must be 2, 5 cm from the deep elbow. The air tubes should be along the middle line of the shoulder;
Between the cuff, lying at the same level as the heart and shoulder left to leave the space that fingers easily place;
In the process of working tonometer, it should maintain absolute calm.
First, experts recommend measuring pressure on both hands, then only on what gives the highest indicators. If the measurement is done outside the walls of the health organization, the patient is recommended to make a user's accounting record and on the day, time and measurement. Frequency of performing measurements, doctors determined.
The consequences may occurHigh blood pressure with adequate hypertension with hypertension crisis - the sudden jumps of indicators for important. Such countries stimulate the strong expansion of blood vessels that can break. In a variety of consequences, hypertension is distinguished:
Eye issues (vision loss, hemorrhage);
renal failure;
The ischemic of the heart;
heart failure;
angina;
stroke;
infarction;
impotent;
swelling of light and brain;
Death.
There is a risk of exfoliating of the aorta, so the pressure takes pressure as quickly as possible. And with brain disorders, this should be done without rushing, otherwise they will worsen.
High blood pressure often causes defects and even the death of the patient.
House reactionWith a hypertension crisis (pressure above 200 mm Hg), you need to urgently call an ambulance group and before it comes, start taking measures to remove symptoms. With moderate increasing pressure, you can act independently.
Warning measuresIf the signs of increased pressure occur, it is necessary to measure its indicators. Headache, nausea, weakness may occur for other reasons. If the pressure actually increases, it will occur:
Ensure peace, fade and silence (including at work);
Provide access to fresh air;
Lie down, raise your head (at work, if there is no way, sit comfortably);
do breathing exercises (breathing in the diaphragm to exhale);
Massage the collar and head (wishing to be relatives or friends to do this);
Drink diuretic broth (parsley, lingonberry, green or kidney, roses).
Such measures reduce slow pressure and are more likely to prevent the development of complications. If they do not help, you need to contact the cardiologist.
Effect quicklyPatients with positive lifestyle often face the problem of rapid pressure reduction. The drug can do this, but they should be used carefully - to avoid overdose, too quickly reducing pressure and other complications. Doctors must prescribe medicine. Pressure quickly and safely reduces the pressure will help:
peace;
Cooling on the head;
Warm bath for limbs (not hot! ). You can use a container with water or a heating pad, mustard;
Salting Phytochai (Valerian, Motherwort, Chamomile, Mint, Lemon Balm).
In case there is no expected effect, the listed measures are added with drugs.
The first set of toolsWith frequent problems emerging with the pressure in the composition of the family medicine cabinet, special drugs must always.
The absence of the drug can be offset by using a continuous drug, but its effect will only be noticed after one or two hours after use. Accept pharmaceuticals, followed:
Only use the amounts as prescribed by the doctor;
Do not mix the medicine;
Dissolve the tablet "emergency care", and do not swallow;
Take lies (after use, still in a horizontal position in 30 minutes). If necessary, you should stand up slowly.
When accepting pharmaceuticals, it is necessary to pay attention to contraindications and side effects.
The inevitable limitationsWith increased pressure to avoid the development of negative consequences, certain limitations need to comply with:
Within 24 hours after stabilizing the pressure, avoiding increasing physical activity;
Avoid psychological overload, with the inevitable appearance of stressful situations, using sedatives;
Refuse to use alcohol, drink caffeine and smoke.
It should be excluded from a diet for fat and too salty food (smoked meat, canned food - including). After normalization of pressure for a few days, the amount of liquid consumed should be limited.
The treatment of hypertension depends on the type of pressure, as well as the stages of the pathological process. Can be used combined and single therapy. After careful diagnosis and prescription, cardiologists will make recommendations to maintain pressure at normal levels, as well as about the necessary measures when it increases sharply.
